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目的分析青岛市2005-2014年围产儿出生缺陷发生情况、变化趋势及其影响因素,为出生缺陷预防提供依据。方法对2005-2014年青岛市各接产医院的围产儿进行出生缺陷监测,分析出生缺陷的发生率及主要出生缺陷的发生率、种类及影响因素。结果 2005-2014年监测围产儿872 896例,出生缺陷儿5 227例,平均出生缺陷发生率为59.88/万。2005-2014年出生缺陷发生率呈上升趋势。青岛市围产儿主要出生缺陷顺位依次为先天性心脏病、总唇裂、多指(趾)、脑积水、肢体短缩。10年间先天性心脏病呈上升趋势(χ~2=5.265,P<0.05),总唇裂呈下降趋势(χ~2=5.162,P<0.05)。2005-2014年间围产儿出生缺陷发生率男性高于女性,城镇高于农村,差异均有统计学意义(χ~2=41.003,P<0.001;χ~2=236.674,P<0.001)。35~岁产妇组围产儿出生缺陷发生率高于20~30岁组,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=30.179,P<0.001)。结论做好一级预防工作,从产前-围产保健预防模式向孕前-围孕保健预防模式转变,确定重点保健人群,探索降低出生缺陷、提高出生人口素质的有效途径和方法。
Objective To analyze the occurrence, changing trend and influencing factors of birth defects in perinatal children from 2005 to 2014 in Qingdao City, and to provide basis for the prevention of birth defects. Methods We monitored the birth defects in each of the obstetrics and gynecology hospitals in Qingdao in 2005-2014 and analyzed the incidence of birth defects and the incidence, types and influential factors of the major birth defects. Results From 2005 to 2014, 872 896 perinatal children and 5 227 birth defects were monitored. The average incidence of birth defects was 59.88 per 10,000. The incidence of birth defects in 2005-2014 is on the rise. The major birth defects in perinatal children in Qingdao were congenital heart disease, total cleft lip, multiple fingers, hydrocephalus and limb shortening. The incidence of congenital heart disease ten years increased (χ ~ 2 = 5.265, P <0.05), and the total cleft lip showed a decreasing trend (χ ~ 2 = 5.162, P <0.05). The incidence of perinatal birth defects in 2005-2014 was higher in males than in females and in urban areas than in rural areas (χ ~ 2 = 41.003, P <0.001; χ ~ 2 = 236.674, P <0.001). The incidence of perinatal birth defects in 35 ~ year old maternal group was higher than that of 20 ~ 30 year old group (χ ~ 2 = 30.179, P <0.001). Conclusions To do a good job in primary prevention, from prenatal - perinatal care prevention model to prenatal care and perinatal care prevention model to change, to identify key health care workers to explore ways to reduce birth defects and improve the quality of birth population effective ways and methods.