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中国城乡差距不断扩大的根源在于以户籍制度为核心的二元结构体系。这种城乡不平等的制度安排导致了农民政治自由、经济自由以及社会机会等合法权益的逐渐丧失,并最终沦为最贫困的群体。依据阿马蒂亚.森的自由是促进发展不可缺少的重要手段的观点,结合中国农民不自由的现实表现,应从扩展农民实质自由的视角来探索农村的发展路径。为此,需要保证农民获得政治、经济、就业、教育、医疗和社会保障上实质自由的实现,进而提高其可行能力,以利于实现中国农村经济社会的快速发展。
The root cause of the continuous widening gap between urban and rural areas in China lies in the dual structural system with the household registration system as the core. This institutional arrangement of inequality between urban and rural areas led to the gradual loss of legitimate rights and interests of peasants, including political freedom, economic freedom and social opportunities, and eventually to the poorest groups. According to Amartya Sen’s freedom is an indispensable means to promote the development of an important point of view, combined with the actual performance of Chinese peasants are not free, from the perspective of expanding the substantive freedom of peasants to explore rural development path. To this end, it is necessary to ensure that peasants can enjoy substantive freedom in politics, economy, employment, education, medical treatment and social security so as to enhance their viability so as to facilitate the rapid economic and social development in China’s rural areas.