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目的掌握动车组机车乘务员心理规律,为动车组机车乘务员的选拔提供依据。方法采用职业紧张、心理卫生问卷调查,于2009年1月至2010年9月选择济南机务段动车组机车乘务员作为研究对象,选择年龄、乘务龄、既往史、婚姻、文化程度及卫生习惯均与调查组匹配的内燃机车乘务员作为对照组。结果动车组机车乘务员132名,内燃机车乘务员178名,均为男性。动车组机车驾驶室的物理环境总评分高于内燃机车(P<0.01)。动车组与对照组比较,在工作需求方面:定量负荷指标分值较高,技术利用程度指标分值较低;在工作特征方面:自主性、任务一致性、反馈、不确定性、速度控制、必需的技术、挑战性、负荷过大、责任性等指标分值较高,与人交往和友谊机会指标分值较低;在心理需求方面:心理负荷指标分值较低,自尊感指标分值较高、与领导关系指标分值较高。以上各指标两组之间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论动车组机车乘务员能处理好与领导关系,具有较高的工作主动性和自尊感,降低心理负荷,保持独立乘务能力。但是今后应从人际交往、自我认识等方面提高机车乘务员自信心,以提高驾驶适应能力。
Objective To grasp the psychological rules of locomotive flight attendants and provide the basis for the selection of locomotive flight attendants. Methods Occupational stress and mental health questionnaire were used to select locomotive flight attendants of EMU locomotive in Jinan Locomotive Depot from January 2009 to September 2010. The age, flight attendants age, past history, marital status, educational level and hygiene habit Investigation team matching diesel locomotive crew as a control group. Results EMU locomotive crew 132, diesel locomotive crew of 178, are men. The overall physical environment rating of EMU locomotive cabs is higher than that of diesel locomotives (P <0.01). Compared with the control group, the EMU has higher scores of quantitative load indicators and lower scores of technical utilization indicators in terms of work requirements. In the aspect of work characteristics: autonomy, task consistency, feedback, uncertainty, speed control, The necessary technical, challenging, overloaded, responsible and other indicators of higher scores, contact with people and friendship opportunity index score lower; in psychological needs: the psychological load index score is low, self-esteem index score Higher, with a higher relationship between the leadership index. The above indicators between the two groups were statistically significant differences (P <0.05). Conclusion EMU locomotive flight attendants can handle the relationship with the leadership, with a high degree of work initiative and sense of self-esteem, reduce the psychological load and maintain the ability of independent crew. However, in the future, self-confidence of locomotive flight attendants should be improved from interpersonal communication and self-awareness so as to improve their driving adaptability.