从广义上说,“不育”这个词既指生育力低下,又指绝对不育。在生物学上,不育意味着生育能力低下;在统计学上,则表现为实际产子数少。人类不育以及基因和染色体因素对不育的影响是个复杂的问题,本文只能作初步探讨。但是根据特殊的标准可以将这些因素分类并给这些现象下定义。事实上,Penrose已提出了三大类不育情况。他把带有“致死因子”的个体列入第一类。这些个体团带有致死基因和染色体畸变,不能活到生育年龄,所以不育。据认为这些畸变是引起流产、死胎、新生儿或婴儿死亡的原因。在此类中,致死和亚致死的染色体异常类型包括大多数常染色体三体、三倍体以及其它一些染色体不平衡或非整倍体的 Broadly speaking, the term “infertility” refers to both fertility and absolute infertility. Biologically, infertility means fertility is low; statistically, the actual number of births is small. Human infertility and genetic and chromosomal factors on the impact of infertility is a complex issue, this article can only be a preliminary study. However, these factors can be categorized and defined according to specific criteria. In fact, Penrose has proposed three major types of infertility. He included individuals with a “lethal factor” in the first category. These individual groups with lethal genes and chromosome aberrations, can not live to childbearing age, so infertility. These distortions are believed to be the cause of miscarriage, stillbirth, newborn or infant death. In this class, the types of lethal and sublethal chromosomal abnormalities include most autosomal trisomies, triploids, and other chromosomal imbalances or aneuploidies