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目的：探讨航海人员（包括水下和水面作业）中高血压患者２４小时（ｈ）动态血压监测（ＡＢＰＭ）的各参数变化特征。方法：选择偶测收缩压（ＳＢＰ）≥１４０ ｍｍＨｇ和／或舒张压（ＤＢＰ）≥９０ ｍｍＨｇ的 ３７例航海人员中高血压患者行 ２４ｈＡＢＰＭ，并与 ９４例血压正常的航海人员（＜９０／１４０ ｍｍＨｇ）对比观察。结果：航海人员中高血压患者 ２４ ｈ平均 ＳＢＰ和 ＤＢＰ、白昼或夜间平均 ＳＢＰ和 ＤＢＰ、白昼或夜间 ＳＢＰ和 ＤＢＰ负荷值、２４ ｈ血压变异程度均明显高于血压正常组（ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１）；高血压患者夜间ＳＢＰ和ＤＢＰ均值下降＞１０％（＞１０ｍｍＨｇ）；水下作业组的高血压患者白昼或夜间ＳＢＰ和ＤＢＰ负荷值高于水上作业组（ｐ均＜０．０１）。结论：本组航海人员中高血压患者均显示为勺型高血压，可能与轻、中度高血压（３５／３７）较多有关：水下作业组高血压患者负荷值升高明显，提示水下作业人员的工作环境与生活条件等受多种复杂因素影响，易产生增压反应有关。
PURPOSE: To investigate the characteristics of various parameters of 24 h (h) ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in hypertensive patients during navigation (including underwater and surface operations). Methods: Thirty-seven patients with hypertension who had SBP ≥140 mmHg and / or DBP ≥90 mmHg were selected for 24 hABPM and compared with 94 normotensive seafarers (<90/140 mmHg ) Comparative observation. Results: Mean SBP and DBP 24 h, average SBP and DBP during daytime or nighttime, SBP and DBP load during daytime or nighttime, blood pressure variation at 24 h were significantly higher in hypertensive patients than those in normotensive group (p <0.05 ~ 0.01). The mean SBP and DBP decreased by> 10% (> 10mmHg) at night in hypertensive patients. SBP and DBP load in daytime or nighttime SBP and DBP in underwater operation group were higher than those in water group (all P <0.01 ). CONCLUSIONS: All patients with hypertension in this group of sailors showed sclerous hypertension, which may be related to mild and moderate hypertension (35/37). The load value of hypertension patients in underwater operation group increased significantly, suggesting that underwater The working environment and living conditions of workers affected by a variety of complex factors, easy to produce hyperresponsiveness.