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轮船招商局(简称“招商局”)为清末最早设立的最大轮船运输企业。同治十一年(1872年)李鸿章招商筹办,1873年正式成立,总局设于上海。光绪三年(1877年)以高价购进美商旗昌轮船公司一批旧船和设备,扩大经营,但始终受西方列强在华航运势力的排挤。1885年经盛宣怀改为“官督商办”。1888年,清廷内部曾就轮船招商局的客货轮应否航行西江的问题有过一番争论。8月1日,时任北洋大臣李鸿章电告两广总督张之洞,就总理各国事
China Merchants Steamship (hereinafter referred to as “China Merchants ”) was the earliest ship shipping enterprise established in the late Qing Dynasty. Tongzhi eleven years (1872) Li Hongzhang investment planning, formally established in 1873, the General Administration is located in Shanghai. In the third year of Guangxu (1877), it purchased a number of old ships and equipment from American flag Chang Shipyard Company to expand its business, but was always squeezed by the shipping power of western powers in China. In 1885 by Sheng Xuanhuai changed to “government officials do business.” In 1888, there was a debate within the Qing court on whether the passenger vessels of the China Merchants Steamship should sail on the Xijiang River. On August 1, when Northern Minister Li Hung-tung telegraphed Zhang Zhidong, governor of Guangdong and Guangxi,