作为一种文学、文化批评方法,生态批评的使命主要是揭示生态危机的思想文化根源,从而找到解决这一问题的途径。生态危机的现实迫使人们关注荒野的价值,它成为西方文化领域和生态批评领域的重要核心概念。然而自人类产生以来,荒野与文明的关系就主要表现为对立性。对立性的根源是经济、思想和文化中反生态因素共同作用的结果。本文从生态批评视角探讨荒野与文明对立的根源。 As a literary and cultural criticism method, the mission of ecocriticism is mainly to reveal the ideological and cultural roots of ecocriticism so as to find a solution to this problem. The reality of ecological crisis has forced people to pay attention to the value of the wilderness. It has become an important core concept in the field of western culture and ecocriticism. However, since the emergence of mankind, the relationship between wilderness and civilization has mainly manifested as opposition. The root cause of opposition is the result of the combined effect of anti-ecological factors in the economy, ideology and culture. This article explores the origin of opposition between wilderness and civilization from the perspective of ecocriticism.