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马克思对待市民社会的态度不仅仅是批判的,他对市民社会有两种理解:一是其特定意义,即在政治经济学的语境中分析和批判了市民社会的本质;二是其一般意义,即充分肯定了市民社会和国家的分离是现代国家和现代文明诞生的标志。在1848年革命之后的相关著述特别是《路易.波拿巴的雾月十八日》中,马克思并未放弃对市民社会的一般性理解。通过批判国家过度管制市民社会的历史倒退现象,马克思强调要解放市民社会,实现“社会机体”的合理发展。批判性与建设性的统一才是历史唯物主义视域中市民社会理论的准确内涵。
Marx’s attitude toward civil society is not merely critical. He has two understandings of civil society: First, its specific meaning is that it analyzes and criticizes the essence of civil society in the context of political economy. Second, its general significance , Which fully affirmed the separation of civil society and state as the symbol of the birth of modern country and modern civilization. In the relevant writings after the revolution of 1848, especially in the foggy month of Louis Bonaparte, Marx did not give up his general understanding of civil society. By criticizing the over-control of civil history in the country, Marx stressed that it is necessary to liberate the civil society and realize the rational development of the “social organism.” The critical and constructive reunification is exactly the connotation of civil society theory in the view of historical materialism.