率先发生在云南的护国运动历尽艰难取得了胜利,这已是史学界公认的结论。但是护国运动胜利的因素有哪些?其历史作用怎样体现?观点不一。实际上护国运动是多种因素合力作用的结果。特别需要关注的是:在半殖民地半封建社会的中国,外国势力的客观作用应予充分重视。 The first victory in Yunnan’s Huju Campaign, which has been hard won by history, is a generally accepted conclusion in history. However, what are the factors that have contributed to the victory of the national defense and how their historical role is embodied? In fact, the campaign to protect the country is the result of a combination of many factors. Of particular concern is that in the semi-colonial and semi-feudal society of China, the objective role of foreign forces should be given due attention.