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当中日甲午战争的消息传至欧洲,恩格斯尽管已是74岁高龄的古稀老人,却仍以哲学家的敏锐思维,站在人类社会文明演进的历史高度,适时地对这场战争作了点评。在与友人的书信中,恩格斯就中国战败的原因及影响给出了精辟而独到的见解。在120年后的今天,重温恩格斯的信件,仍可感受到他作为哲人的智慧光芒。在恩格斯看来,中国甲午战败的直接原因,在很大程度上体现为政府和军方所奉行的被动防御策略。他在信中指出:“在中国进行的战争给古老的中国以致命的打击。闭关自守已经不可能了,即使是为了军事防御的目的,也必须铺设铁路,使用蒸汽机和电力以及创办大工
When the news of Sino-Japanese-Sino-Japanese War reached Europe, Engels, despite being a 74-year-old elder, still criticized the war in a timely manner based on the philosophical thinking of the philosophers and standing on the historical height of the evolution of human civilization. In letters from his friends, Engels gave insightful and original views on the causes and effects of China’s defeat. Today, 120 years later, rereading Engels’s letter can still feel his wisdom as a philosopher. In Engels’s opinion, the direct cause of the defeat in China’s Jiawu region largely reflects the passive defensive tactics pursued by the government and the military. In his letter, he pointed out: ”The war in China had a deadly blow to the ancient China, and it has been impossible to close itself up. Even for the purpose of military defense, railways, the use of steam engines and electricity, and the founding of major undertakings