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百年前《钦定宪法大纲》的颁布是中国政权合法性评价的一次深刻变革。中国传统的君权,依据德与命的学说,由君主在取得政权的过程中,用天下归心的方式证明其合法性。法律的效力来自君主权威而非相反。清末新政使德命学说丧失了解释力,晚清王朝不得不依赖宪法来确认君权。君权首次法定,初创了中国新的立法模式,但在初创中又包含了历史传统的沉淀。
The promulgation of the “Khyentse constitutional law” a hundred years ago was a profound change in the evaluation of the legitimacy of the Chinese regime. According to the doctrine of virtue and life, the traditional Chinese monarchy proves its legitimacy by using the way of the world as a monarch in the process of obtaining power. The force of law comes from monarchical authority and not vice versa. In the late Qing Dynasty, the doctrine of virtue lost its explanatory power. The late Qing Dynasty had to rely on the constitution to confirm the monarchy. For the first time, the sovereignty statute established the new Chinese legislative model, but it also contained the sedimentation of history and tradition in its start-up.