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目的分析上海市交通伤害的流行特征,探讨受教育程度、经济收入及年龄等对交通伤害的影响。方法采用分层多阶段概率比例整群抽样方法抽取2011年上海市常住居民61 786人进行入户调查;收集1992-2012年上海市生命统计年鉴居民损伤数据及其相关社会人口资料。结果上海市交通伤害死亡率从1992年的10.73/10万下降到2012年的9.32/10万。总受伤率为101.16/万。家庭月人均收入<1 000元的受伤率约为≥5 000元的4.37倍。在受教育程度为小学及以下的人群中,交通伤害的受伤率和死亡率是146.88/万和27.05/10万,为大专以上文化程度者的6.41倍和2.42倍。5~9岁年龄组死亡率在所有儿童中居于首位,30~34岁和55~59岁劳动力人口的受伤率增加幅度最大。多因素分析表明经济条件越差、受教育程度越低和年龄越大交通伤害越容易发生。结论干预重点人群应为低收入、低文化程度人群及老年人。亟需实施有针对性的防控措施,提供均等化的公共服务产品,并建立伤害大数据的共享应用平台。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of traffic injuries in Shanghai and discuss the impact of education level, economic income and age on traffic injuries. Methods Totally 61 786 permanent residents in Shanghai were surveyed by stratified multistage probabilistic proportional sampling method. The residents’ injury data and their related social demographic data of Shanghai Statistical Yearbook of Life from 1992 to 2012 were collected. Results The death toll of traffic injuries in Shanghai dropped from 10.73 / 100,000 in 1992 to 9.32 / 100,000 in 2012. The total injury rate was 101.16 / million. The average monthly family income of <1 000 yuan was 4.37 times more than 5000 yuan. Injuries and deaths from traffic injuries were 146.88 per thousand and 27.05 per 100,000 respectively among those with primary education and below, 6.41 times and 2.42 times those with post-secondary education. Mortality rates among the 5 to 9 age group are among the highest in all children, with the highest increase in injuries among the 30 to 34 and 55 to 59 labor force population. Multivariate analysis showed that the worse the economic conditions, the lower the level of education and the older the more traffic injuries occur more easily. Conclusions The key intervention population should be low-income, low-education population and the elderly. Urgent need to implement targeted prevention and control measures to provide equal access to public service products and to establish a shared application platform hurt big data.