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为了系统合理地解释《周易》通篇的辞句重出问题,清代学者焦循从《周易》经传中“实测”出“旁通”“当位失道”“时行”“相错”“比例”五例,最终完成了《易学三书》的象数建构。其中,“比例说”乃是焦循彻底解决《易》辞重出问题的关键所在。本文在全面考察“比例说”的定义、《比例图》的计算方法、“十二例”及“实测”等相关内容的基础上,进一步揭示了“比例说”的得失。一方面,这一独到创造使得焦氏象数学的增象能力远超汉易;另一方面,其象数体系的根本失误亦在于此。
In order to systematically explain the problem of resignation of quotations throughout the Book of Changes, Jiao Xu, a scholar of the Qing Dynasty, from the “Book of Changes” pass through the “measured” to “bypass” “ Line ”“ wrong ”“ ratio ”five cases, and ultimately completed the“ easy to learn three books ”image number construction. Among them, “proportion” is the key for Jiao Xun to completely solve the problem of “easy” speech. On the basis of comprehensively examining the definition of “proportionality”, the calculation method of “proportionality graph”, the “twelve cases” and the “actual measurement”, we further reveal that “proportionality” Gains and losses On the one hand, this unique creation made Jiao’s mathematics more capable of augmentation than Han’s. On the other hand, the fundamental error of its image system lies also in this.