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为查明一些大豆不育系成熟期不落叶和皱缩种子比例偏高的原因,2015-2016年以低、中、高异交率的不育系和保持系为材料,分析了库源流特征和皱缩种子的产生规律,并探讨了不同调控方法对降低皱缩种子比例的有效性。结果表明:R6期开始,中低异交率不育系的叶片SPAD值下降速度明显慢于其同型保持系,而高异交率不育系的变动趋势则与保持系趋同,并且其营养器官内的NPK元素能够更快更彻底地转移至种子;皱缩种子比例偏高会显著降低种子的发芽势和发芽率,通过改变收获时期降低皱缩种子比例的效果并不明显,过早收获反而不利于种子发育;剪叶和稀植能够有效提高异交率,降低皱缩种子的比例。因此,异交率偏低导致的源库比例失衡是一些大豆不育系成熟期不落叶和皱缩种子比例偏高的直接原因,通过剪叶、稀植等方法提高不育系异交率是改善这些问题的有效方法。
In order to find out the reasons for the high proportion of non-deciduous and shriveled seeds at maturity in some soybean lines, the characteristics of source and sink were analyzed with low, middle and high rate of sterile and maintainer lines from 2015 to 2016 And shrinking seeds, and discussed the effectiveness of different control methods to reduce the proportion of shriveled seeds. The results showed that at the beginning of R6 period, the leaf SPAD value of low and medium outgrowth rate descended obviously slower than that of its maintainer line, while the variation trend of the high outcross rate line tended to keep the same with vegetative organs Within the NPK elements can be more quickly and completely transferred to the seeds; shrinkage of the proportion of seeds will significantly reduce the seed germination potential and germination rate, by reducing the percentage of shrinking harvesting period the effect is not obvious, premature harvest instead Is not conducive to the development of the seed; cutting leaves and thinning can effectively improve the rate of outcrossing and reduce the proportion of shriveled seeds. Therefore, the imbalance of source and sink caused by low outgrowth rate is the direct reason for the high proportion of non-deciduous and shriveled seeds in some soybean lines at mature stage. Increasing the rate of outcrossing rate of male sterile lines by cutting leaves and sparse planting is Effective ways to improve these issues.