经济学家从来没有停止对经济增长是由什么因素决定的问题的探讨.人们早期的观点认为一国财富的增长是需要增加自然资源(土地、矿产等)、劳力和物质资本的投入,并且认为物质资本是经济增长的关键因素.但是,后来经济发展的实践并没有为这些理论提供充分的证明,因为许多自然资源、劳力和物质资本较为充裕的国家和地区,经济增长的状况不一定尽如人意,而另外一些自然资源和物质资本较为贫乏的国家和地区,其经济增长却令人瞩目.60年代末和70年代初,舒尔茨的人力资本理论受到广泛的重视,人力资本被认为是比物质资本更为重要的促进经济增长的因素.但是,许多学者认为,人力资本理论强调教育对经济发展的 Economists have never stopped discussing what the determinants of economic growth are: the early view of people that the growth of wealth in a country requires investment in natural resources (land, minerals, etc.), labor and material capital, and that Material capital is the key factor for economic growth, but later economic development practices did not fully prove these theories because many countries and regions with ample natural resources, labor force and material capital are not necessarily full of economic growth However, some other countries and regions where natural and material capital are scarce have witnessed remarkable economic growth.In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Schultz’s theory of human capital was widely valued, and human capital was considered as More important than the material capital to promote economic growth factors.However, many scholars believe that human capital theory emphasizes the impact of education on economic development