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目的探讨晶硅太阳能电池生产企业的职业卫生现状,并提出有针对性的防治对策。方法对某晶硅太阳能光伏电池生产企业的生产工艺、卫生工程防护措施、职业健康监护等现状进行调查,并对作业场所中职业病危害因素浓度(强度)进行检测。结果晶硅太阳能电池生产过程中可能接触到17余种化学物质,检测显示除硅料车间打磨作业位噪声和酸洗作业位氟化氢超标外,其余岗位均无超标现象,化学毒物合格率为97.74%(130/133),噪声合格率为94.74%(36/38)。职业健康检查发现1例疑似噪声聋患者,5名噪声禁忌证人员,12名铅及其无机化合物禁忌证人员,合计占检查人数的2.01%。结论晶硅生产过程中存在多种高毒物质,有潜在急性中毒风险,应加强关键环节的职业病危害防治和应急救援;加强对接害工人进行职业健康检查,尤其是噪声和铅烟接害人员。
Objective To investigate the status quo of occupational health in crystalline silicon solar cell manufacturing enterprises and to put forward targeted prevention and control measures. Methods The production technology, sanitation protection and occupational health monitoring of a crystalline silicon solar photovoltaic cell manufacturer were investigated. The concentration (intensity) of occupational hazards in the workplace was also tested. Results The crystalline silicon solar cells may come into contact with more than 17 kinds of chemical substances in the production process. The tests showed that the noise of the grinding work place and the hydrogen fluoride of the pickling work place exceed the standard, and the rest positions did not exceed the standard. The passing rate of chemical poisons was 97.74% (130/133), the noise pass rate was 94.74% (36/38). Occupational Health Examination found 1 patient suspected of deafness, 5 noise contraindicators, 12 lead and inorganic compound contraindications, accounting for 2.01% of the total number of examinations. Conclusion There are many kinds of high toxic substances in the crystalline silicon production process, which have the potential risk of acute poisoning. Occupational hazards prevention and emergency and emergency rescue should be strengthened in key links. Occupational health checkup should be strengthened, especially for noise and lead smokers.