在大多数已经完成了人口转变的发达国家,人口的老龄化发生于人均收入达到较高水平的时期。较高的人均收入意味着资本相对丰富,因此,当劳动力出现短缺的情况下,在这些国家恰好出现资本替代劳动的技术进步和产业结构变化。生产要素替代和产业结构调整的结果则是这些国家产业结构 In most developed countries that have completed the demographic transition, the aging of the population occurs when the per capita income reaches a high level. Higher per capita income means relatively abundant capital. Therefore, when there is a shortage of labor force, the technological progress of capital alternative labor and the changes in industrial structure happen to happen in these countries. The result of substitution of production factors and adjustment of industrial structure is the industrial structure of these countries