【摘 要】
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The photosynthetic plastid (chloroplast) arose more than one billion years ago, when a free-living cyanobacterium became a permanent endosymbiont and remodeled
【机 构】
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Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan“
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The photosynthetic plastid (chloroplast) arose more than one billion years ago, when a free-living cyanobacterium became a permanent endosymbiont and remodeled as an organelle in an ancient eukaryotic algal cell (Archibald, 2015).Seed plants further evolved mechanisms of plastid differentiation, whereby several types of non-green non-photosynthetic plastids develop in addition to chloroplasts, including amyloplasts, which accumulate starch granules, and chromoplasts, which deposit carotenoids (Pyke, 2010;Sun et al., 2018).Plastid differentiation enables multicellular plants to assign specialized roles to different tissues upon cellular differentiation and/or in response to developmental and environmental changes.
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