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最低收购价政策和目标价格政策是我国农业国内价格政策的两种重要形式。文章首先阐述最低收购价政策和目标价格政策的原理;其次从对生产者利益的保护效果、对市场的干预程度、补贴效率以及对加工企业和消费者的影响四个方面来分析二者的不同。文章认为,由最低收购价政策转向目标价格政策是今后补贴政策调整的方向。但是在当前对于不同农产品应采取差别化的政策方式,即对关系国计民生的口粮要坚持最低收购价政策,对大豆、棉花等其它商品率较高、对粮食安全问题作用显得不那么特别突出和紧迫的农产品可逐步试行目标价格政策;在目标价格政策的设计中要综合考虑多重因素、政策执行过程要积极稳妥。
The minimum purchase price policy and the target price policy are two important forms of China’s agricultural domestic price policy. The article first expounds the principle of the lowest purchase price policy and the target price policy. Secondly, it analyzes the differences between the two in terms of the protective effect on the interests of producers, the degree of intervention in the market, the efficiency of subsidies and the impact on processing enterprises and consumers . The article holds that the policy of moving from the lowest bidding price to the target price is the direction of the future subsidy policy adjustment. However, at present, we should adopt a differentiated policy approach to different agricultural products. That is, we should adhere to the policy of purchasing lowest prices for rations related to the national economy and the people’s livelihood. Higher rates for other commodities such as soybeans and cotton do not appear to be particularly prominent and urgent for food security Of the agricultural products can be phased in the target price policy; in the design of the target price policy should take into account multiple factors, the policy implementation process should be active and steady.