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为将野红燕麦(AvenasterelisL)的高蛋白、抗蚜、抗锈病等优点导入莜麦(AvenanudaL),进行莜麦与野红燕麦的杂交研究。A.nuda×A.sterelis杂交(48朵小花),获得1个幼胚和4粒种子,杂交结实率10.4%,F1自交结实率48.1%。杂种F1在穗型、外稃、芒性、茎节部性状等方面与母本莜麦存在显著差异,来自野红燕麦的野生性状,如外稃绒毛、曲强芒、落粒性等均说明F1是真杂种。A.nuda×A.sterelis杂种F1减数分裂中期Ⅰ染色体构型为0.94Ⅰ+7.32Ⅱ+11.74○Ⅱ+0.94Ⅲ+0.03Ⅳ,表明莜麦与野红燕麦亲缘关系很近,可能仅1~2对染色体有较大差异。同工酶分析结果显示,杂种F1的叶片酯酶带型与母本有明显差异,兼具父本谱带特征。对野红燕麦抗蚜特性研究表明,该性状能够遗传。F1减数分裂中期Ⅰ染色体配对率高,且F1结实率较高,因而可以有效实现基因转移。
In order to introduce the high protein, anti-aphid, anti-rust and other advantages of Avenasterelis L into Avenanuda L, the hybridization between the oat and the wild red oats was conducted. A. nuda × A. (48 small flowers). One immature embryo and four seeds were obtained. The seed setting rate was 10.4%, and F1 selfing rate was 48.1%. Hybrid F1 had significant differences from female parent barley in terms of panicle type, lemma, mantle, and stem nodal traits. The wild characters from wild red oats, such as nephelium, Quercus variabilis, F1 is really hybrid. A. nuda × A. The chromosomal configuration of midgutⅠ of meiosis stage F1 of sterelis hybrid F1 was 0.94Ⅰ + 7.32Ⅱ + 11.74 ○ Ⅱ + 0.94Ⅲ + 0.03Ⅳ, which indicated that there was close genetic relationship between oyster and wild red oats, and only 1 ~ 2 pairs of chromosomes might have significant differences. Isoenzyme analysis showed that there was a significant difference between esterase and hybrid parent F1 in F1 hybrids, which had the characteristics of male parental bands. Studies on the resistance of wild red oats to aphids showed that this trait can be inherited. F1 meiosis metaphase Ⅰ chromosome pairing rate, and F1 higher seed setting rate, which can effectively achieve gene transfer.