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在19-20世纪之交的俄罗斯文学史上,知识分子的精神生活和私人交往,在很大程度上构成了“白银时代”俄国文坛百家争鸣、百花齐放的复调景象和对话特质。文学大师高尔基与文学天才巴别尔之间的创作交往,成为知识分子相互对话、彼此关注、精神契合的典型个案之一。二人之交长达20年,极富传奇色彩,大致可分为发现与提携期、建议与保护期、指导与批评期三个不同阶段。其中,高尔基以巨大的文学声望、非凡的人格魅力和高度的文化权威,在交往过程中处于主导地位,起着主动作用。二人的创作交往,从侧面反映出20世纪二三十年代从白银时代文学到苏维埃文学类型转换与过渡之际,俄国文坛流派的复杂多样与思想文化的混乱丰富;同时也体现出面对集权专制时,知识分子对精神独立的追求与对自我内心的坚守。由此,对巴别尔与高尔基之间创作交往的考察和解析,成为管窥从白银时代文学到苏维埃文学之类型转换之际的一种侧影书写和一枚鲜活标本,不仅具有阐释知识分子进行文学创作与精神交往的本体论价值,而且蕴含识读当代文学变迁、文化走向、知识谱系建构、话语分析阐释的思想史意义。
In the history of Russian literature at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, the intellectual life and personal contacts of the intellectuals largely constituted a multi-pronged spectacle and dialogue characteristic of the “Silver Age” and the “Russian literature”. The creation and communication between Gorky, a literary master, and Babel, a literary genius, has become one of the typical cases in which intellectuals engage in dialogue, mutual attention and spiritual cooperation. The two people up to 20 years, legendary, can be divided into discovery and mentioning period, recommendations and protection period, guidance and criticism period of three different stages. Among them, Gorky with a huge literary reputation, extraordinary charisma and a high degree of cultural authority in the communication process in a leading position, plays an active role. The creation and interaction between the two people reflected from the side of the twenties and thirties the transition from the Silver Age literature to the type of Soviet literature, the complex and diverse genres of Russian literary and ideological and cultural chaos enriched, but also reflects the face of centralization When autocracy, the intellectuals’ pursuit of spiritual independence and their adherence to their own hearts. As a result, the investigation and analysis of the creative exchanges between Babel and Gorky become a kind of silhouette writing and a vivid specimen of glimpses of the type conversion from the Silver Age literature to the Soviet literature. They not only have the meaning of explaining the intellectuals Literary creation and spiritual interaction, but also contains the significance of the history of the history of the literature such as the changes of contemporary literature, the orientation of culture, the pedigree of knowledge, and the discourse analysis.