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目的:探讨早期儿与完全足月儿发育行为的差异。方法:选取2015年6月至2016年6月在马鞍山市妇幼保健院建立的马鞍山市母婴健康出生队列，进行随访。从医院电子病历系统抄录婴儿分娩结局，采用年龄与发育进程问卷中文版评估其发育行为。采用卡方检验和多因素非条件Logistic回归模型分析早期儿与完全足月儿行为发育的差异。结果:早期儿出生率为24.74%（500/2 021）。早期儿沟通、粗大动作、精细动作、解决问题和个人-社会5个能区发育迟缓检出率分别为2.1%、3.2%、6.1%、6.3%和2.7%。早期儿解决问题能区发育迟缓检出率显著高于完全足月儿组（6.3% 比 3.7%， χ2n =5.42，n P<0.05）。在控制怀孕年龄、饮酒史、性别、出生体重、家庭收入、分娩方式、居住地等可能混杂因素后，与完全足月儿相比，早期儿解决问题能区发育迟缓发生风险显著增加（n OR=1.65，n 95%CI：1.01~2.70，n P<0.05），沟通、粗大运动、精细运动和个人-社会能区发育迟缓检出率差异无统计学意义。n 结论:早期儿出现发育迟缓的风险显著高于完全足月儿，对早期儿需要进行长期的随访和适当的早期发展促进干预，提高其生命质量。“,”Objective:To investigate the developmental behavior of early term infants at 6 months and its difference from that of complete full-term infants.Methods:A healthy maternal and infant birth cohort in maanshan city, established in Maanshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital from June 2015 to June 2016. Birth outcomes were copied from the hospital electronic medical record system after delivery. The Chinese Ages and Stages Questionnaires was used to assess developmental behavior. The chi-square test and multivariate unconditional logistic regression model were used to analyze the differences in the behavioral development of early and full term infants.Results:The birth rate of early term infants was 24.74% (500/2 021). The detection rates of communication, gross motor, fine motor, problem solving and individual-social areas in early term infants were 2.1%, 3.2%, 6.1%, 6.3% and 2.7%, respectively. The detection rate of problem-solving area in early term infants was significantly higher than that in the full-term infants (6.3% n vs. 3.7%, χn 2=5.42, n P<0.05). After controlling for confounding factors, compared with full-term infants, the risk of problem-solving area in early infants was significantly increased (n OR=1.65, n 95%CI:1.01-2.70, n P<0.05).n Conclusion:The risk of behavioral retardation in Early term infants is significantly higher than that in full-term infants, and long-term follow-up and appropriate early development promotion interventions are needed to improve their quality of life.