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基于生态场理论和GIS技术研究矿区土地资源的采动效应。首先介绍了采动土壤特性测算、采动变化规律分析及土壤采动损害评价的程序方法;然后叙述了采用RS和GIS空间分析技术对土地资源各采动生态位指标进行量化,并基于生态场理论和开采沉陷学分析土地资源的采动空间分异特征、采动累积效应及其延迟效应的过程。对山西潞安集团五阳矿井采煤沉陷区的实例分析表明,耕地土壤特性与开采沉陷明显相关,1997年至2002年间采动生态元耕地和植被覆盖率上升而建设用地覆盖率下降,研究区土壤侵蚀以轻度和中度为主且明显存在采动延迟,土地利用集约度指数终采后10 a逐步进入稳定期,各地类的流失与来源组成趋于稳定,说明土地利用方式摆脱采动影响并进入新的动态平衡状态。
Mining Effect of Land Resources in Mining Area Based on Ecological Field Theory and GIS Technology. First of all, the methods of calculating the characteristics of mining soil, the law of mining variation and the procedures and methods of soil mining damage evaluation are introduced. Then the RS and GIS spatial analysis techniques are used to quantify the ecological index of each mining resource. Based on the ecological field Theory and Mining Subsidence Analysis of the spatial heterogeneity of mining resources, the cumulative effect of mining and the delay effect. The case analysis of the coal mining subsidence area in Shanxi Lu’an Group shows that the soil characteristics of cultivated land are obviously related to the mining subsidence. From 1997 to 2002, the mining area covered with ecological yuan increased and the coverage of construction land decreased. The study area Soil erosion was mild and moderate with obvious delay of mining. Land use intensification index gradually entered the stable period 10 days after the final mining, and the loss and source composition of various types of land tended to be stable, indicating that the land-use mode should be removed from mining Affect and enter a new dynamic equilibrium.