Background:Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the commonest endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age.The patients often develop insulin resistance (IR) or hyperinsulinemia despite manifesting anovulation and signs of hyperandrogenism.The cause and effect relationship of hyperinsulinemia and hyperandrogenemia (HA) is still debated.Micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) have recently been shown to play a role in regulation of ovarian function.Our current study focused on the altered expression of miRNAs with PCOS.Methods:Ovarian theca intema tissues were obtained from 10 PCOS patients and 8 controls that were non-PCOS and had normal insulin sensitivity undergoing laparoscopy and/or ovarian wedge resection.Total RNA of all samples was extracted.We studied the repertoire of miRNAs in both PCOS and non-PCOS women by microarray hybridization.Bioinformatic analysis was performed for predicting targets of the differentially expressed miRNAs.Furthermore,selected miRNAs were validated by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).Results:A total of 27 miRNAs were differentially expressed in PCOS patients with respect to the controls in our discovery evaluationand two (miR-92a and miR-92b) of them were significantly downregulated in PCOS women in followed validation (P ＜ 0.05).Targets prediction revealed that miR-92a targeted both GATA family of zinc finger transcription factor GATA-binding factor 6 (GATA6) and insulin receptor substrate proteins 2 (IRS-2).Conclusions:MiRNAs are differentially expressed between PCOS patients and controls.We identified and validated two miRNAs-miR-92a and miR-92b.They are significantly downregulated and may be involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS.