论文部分内容阅读
中国乃历史悠久、底蕴深厚的文化大国,若欲从富庶厚重的传统文化中寻找承传至今、历久弥新的制度文化遗产,科举考试无疑是最为人所熟识的一种。古老的中国亦因发明了科举考试这一选才办法,并为西方国家借鉴,创立了文官考试制度,而被尊为考试的故乡。此后,科举虽多沐风雨,却仍实行了1300年之久,对当时中国社会的政治、经济、军事、文化、教育等各方面都产生过不可估量的深远影响。科举制在长久实行的过程中,逐渐形成教育、文化、政治等多项功能,并因此造就了一个科举社会,并渗透到社会的各个层面。宋代以后,科举在政治上的重要地位及其重大影响,使中国逐渐成为一个以“凭才取人”的人才选拔标准和能力本位主义的价值取向为表征的科举社会。中国封建社会之所以从门第社会走向科举
As a cultural powerhouse with a long history and profound connotation, China is undoubtedly the most familiar one if it is to find the inherited and institutionalized cultural heritage inherited from the rich and profound traditional culture. The ancient China also invented the examining method of selecting imperial examinations and borrowing for the Western countries to establish a civil service examination system, which was honored as the hometown of the examination. Since then, the imperial civil examinations have been carried out for more than 1,300 years, and have had an immeasurable and far-reaching impact on the political, economic, military, cultural and educational fields of Chinese society at that time. In the long process of practicing the imperial examination system, many functions such as education, culture and politics gradually came into being and thus created an imperial examination society and infiltrated all levels of society. After the Song Dynasty, the important position of the imperial examination in politics and its significant influence made China gradually become an imperial civil society characterized by the selection criteria of talent by virtue and the value orientation of competence-basedism. The reason why feudal society in China moved from imperial civil society to imperial examination