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机械通气是急性颅脑损伤（ABI）患者重要的生命支持手段。流行病学研究显示，我国ABI患者实施肺保护性通气的比例不足50%；同时ABI机械通气的临床实践存在显著差异。本文围绕机械通气的基本参数、通气目标、气道管理决策和拯救治疗，就ABI患者机械通气的肺保护和脑保护研究进展进行综述，从而有利于规范化实施ABI患者的机械通气。“,”Mechanical ventilation is an important life support therapy for patients with acute brain injury (ABI). It was shown by epidemiological studies that less than 50% of ABI patients received lung protective ventilation in China. At the same time, the implementations of mechanical ventilation in ABI patients are widely different among centers. This review focuses on new progress about basic parameters and goals of mechanical ventilation, airway management decision-making, and rescue therapies, exploring the lung protection and brain protection of mechanical ventilation in ABI patients. It is helpful to standardize and improve mechanical ventilation for ABI patients.