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抗战期间,国军的战斗力主要依赖于中下级军官的牺牲精神。1944年8月,蒋介石曾在军委会整军会议上,明确表达对中下级军官的认可与对高级军官的不满:“中国军队现在营以下的动作,大体可以说是很注意了。但团以上到军师为止,各级司令部的业务极不健全。图上作业与沙盘教育可以说完全没有,指挥所与参谋业务的演习,更是完全忽略,所以中国军队一到作战就莫名其妙。既没有具体的作业计划,也没有完备的作战命令……团以上司令部的人员,很多不是正式军官……往往很重要的职务,交给一些落伍的军官或不习军事的文人
During the war of resistance against Japan, the combat effectiveness of the national army mainly relied on the sacrifices of lower and middle-ranking officers. In August 1944, at a general meeting of the Central Military Commission, Chiang Kai-shek made clear the recognition of lower-middle-ranking officers and his dissatisfaction with senior officers: ”The actions that the Chinese military now follows in general can be said to be very noticeable. As far as the military divisions are concerned, the operations at all levels of command are extremely poor.The operations on the map and the sand table education can be said to be totally negligent and the exercise of command posts and staff officers is even totally ignored. Therefore, the Chinese armed forces are baffled as soon as they have fought. Specific work plan, and no complete command of operations ... Many of the officers at or above the regiment are not regular officers ... often important positions are handed over to some laggard military officers or military academics