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目前高吸水性树脂研究较多的是均聚物,但随着其发展,某些产品的不足之处也逐渐凸显出来,如成本太高、强度不够、吸水速率慢、吸水量低、耐盐性能不好、保水性能不好等,可以采用两种或多种单体共聚合,也可采用接枝共聚或添加廉价填料等方法来改善高吸水性树脂的综合性能及降低生产成本。以丙烯酸为单体,海藻酸钠为接枝物,添加高岭土、丙烯酰胺,通过溶液聚合法制备了复合型耐盐高吸水性树脂。研究了海藻酸钠、高岭土、引发剂、交联剂用量对材料耐盐的影响,制备出在蒸馏水、0.9%NaCl中吸水倍率分别达到895g/g、85g/g的样品。研究了海藻酸钠-高岭土/聚丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺共聚制备高吸水树脂的吸水性能。结果表明,以过硫酸钾为引发剂,反应温度65～75℃,丙烯酸中和度为60%,反应时间4h,引发剂用量0.8%～1.2%,高吸水树脂具有较高的吸水能力;随交联剂用量增大,高吸水树脂的吸水能力下降;随反应温度升高、反应时间延长、丙烯酸中和度增大、引发剂用量以及交联剂用量增大、反应单体浓度升高,海藻酸钠-高岭土/聚丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺共聚物高吸水树脂的耐盐性明显增强。采用红外光谱(IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)等方法对产物的内部结构、表面结构进行了表征。
At present, most of the research on superabsorbent resins are homopolymers. However, with the development of the superabsorbents, the disadvantages of some products are also gradually highlighted. For example, the cost is too high, the strength is not enough, the water absorption rate is slow, the water absorption is low, Poor performance, poor water retention, etc., can be used two or more monomers copolymerization, graft copolymerization can also be used or add inexpensive fillers and other methods to improve the overall performance of superabsorbent polymer and reduce production costs. Using acrylic acid as monomer and sodium alginate as grafting agent, kaolin and acrylamide were added to prepare composite salt-tolerant superabsorbent resin by solution polymerization. The effects of sodium alginate, kaolin, initiator and crosslinking agent on the salt tolerance of the material were studied. The samples with the water uptake of 895g / g and 85g / g in distilled water and 0.9% NaCl were prepared. The water absorption of superabsorbent polymer prepared by sodium alginate-kaolin / polyacrylic acid-acrylamide copolymerization was studied. The results showed that with potassium persulfate as initiator, the reaction temperature was 65-75 ℃, the degree of neutralization of acrylic acid was 60%, the reaction time was 4h, the amount of initiator was 0.8% ~ 1.2%, and the super absorbent resin had high water absorption capacity. With the increase of reaction temperature and reaction time, the degree of neutralization of acrylic acid increased, the amount of initiator and the amount of cross-linking agent increased, the concentration of reactive monomer increased, Sodium alginate - kaolin / polyacrylic acid - acrylamide copolymer superabsorbent resin significantly enhanced salt tolerance. The internal structure and surface structure of the product were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).