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到目前为止,在新加入联邦的原东德各州中,集中供热还起着很大的作用。特别是在过去的三十年里,兴建了大量的板型结构住宅,这些楼房均采用标准化热力站进行集中供热。不过其中一部分并未在最佳状态下运行,其热功率消耗过多。在此笔者为这些住宅楼及热力站实现现代化管理提供一些设想;同时为了节约能源,也向基建部门提出了一些指导性的建议。 1.总体情况和问题 过去的几十年里,原东德的居民住宅建设几乎全部采用相同模式的住宅建筑,如图1所示是一种最常见的WBS70型住宅楼。在过去的几年里,又几乎均建成每格板6米×6米,每单元12米×24米的形式。从平面来看可分为一至四间一套的住户,这种住宅一般可建至十一层高(注:按中国说法为十二层)。
So far, central heating has also played a major role in the new East German states that have joined the Federation. In particular, in the past 30 years, a large number of board-type residential buildings have been constructed. These buildings use standard heat stations for centralized heating. However, some of them are not operating under optimum conditions and their thermal power consumption is excessive. Here, the author provides some ideas for the realization of modern management of these residential buildings and thermal power stations. At the same time, in order to save energy, he also put forward some instructive suggestions to the infrastructure department. 1. Overall situation and problems Over the past few decades, residential buildings in the former East Germany have almost all adopted the same model of residential buildings. As shown in Figure 1, it is the most common type of WBS70 residential building. In the past few years, almost every one of them was built in a form of 6m x 6m per unit, 12m x 24m per unit. From a flat point of view, it can be divided into one to four sets of households, which can generally be built up to eleven-storey heights (Note: According to China, it is the 12th floor).