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A hierarchical structural decomposition analysis (SDA) model has been developed based on process-level input-output (I-O) tables to analyze the drivers of energy consumption changes in an integrated steel plant during 2011-2013.By combining the principle of hierarchical decomposition into D&L method,a hierarchical decomposition model for multilevel SDA is obtained.The developed hierarchical IO-SDA model would provide consistent results and need less computation effort compared with the traditional SDA model.The decomposition results of the steel plant suggest that the technology improvement and reduced steel final demand are two major reasons for declined total energy consumption.The technical improvements of blast faces,basic oxygen faces,the power plant and the by-products utilization level have contributed mostly in reducing energy consumption.A major retrofit of ancillary process units and solving fuel substitution problem in the sinter plant and blast face are important for further energy saving.Besides the empirical results,this work also discussed that why and how hierarchical SDA can be applied in a process-level decomposition analysis of aggregated indicators.