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德国是世界上第一个以立法形式实施社会医疗保险的国家。早在1883年,德国就颁布了《疾病保险法》,对矿工强制实行社会医疗保险,保费由雇主和雇员按照雇主1/3、雇员2/3的比例共同缴纳。经过120 多年的发展,目前法定医疗保险覆盖全国总人口的88%,缴费分担比例变成了雇主和雇员各50%。未覆盖人口中,10%参加了私人医疗保险,2%被军人、警察等特殊人群医疗保障计划覆盖,大约只有0.2%的德国人(约17万人)没有任何制度安排。
Germany is the first country in the world to implement social health insurance by legislation. As early as 1883, Germany promulgated the “Disease Insurance Law”, which mandated the implementation of social health insurance for miners. The premiums were paid by employers and employees in proportion to 1/3 of the employers and 2/3 of the employees. After more than 120 years of development, the current statutory medical insurance covers 88% of the total population of the country. The contribution sharing ratio has become 50% of that of employers and employees. Of the uncovered population, 10% take part in private health insurance and 2% are covered by Medicare schemes for special populations such as soldiers and police. Only about 0.2% of Germans (about 170,000 people) have no institutional arrangements.