氨甲酰胆硷(carbamylcholine)是一种兴奋平滑肌的拟胆硷药,能直接兴奋心脏、胃肠道平滑肌、汗腺、眼虹膜环状肌等效应器细胞膜上的胆硷受体(M受体与 N 受体),对胃肠道平滑肌和膀胱平滑肌作用较强,对心血管作用较弱。治疗剂量主要表现 M 样作用。临床上常用于手术后或分娩后的肠胀气、尿潴留,也能缩瞳、降低眼内压,用于青光眼的治疗。由于其毒性较大,临床已极少全身应用。一般采用口服或皮下注射给药,以减小毒性。不可静注,肌注也应避 Carbamylcholine, a cholinergic drug that excites smooth muscle, directly excites the cholinergic receptors (M receptors) on the cell membrane of cardiac, gastrointestinal smooth muscle, sweat gland, and ocular ring muscle, And N receptor) on the gastrointestinal smooth muscle and bladder smooth muscle strong role in the cardiovascular effect is weak. Therapeutic dose mainly M-like effect. Clinically commonly used in postoperative or postpartum flatulence, urinary retention, but also miosis, reduce intraocular pressure, for the treatment of glaucoma. Due to its toxicity, the clinical application of very few systemic. Oral or subcutaneous injection is generally administered to reduce toxicity. Not static injection, intramuscular injection should also be avoided