论文部分内容阅读
本文的主要目的是对20世纪70年代和80年代公共部门削减管理方面的文献进行盘点评估,特别关注削减的策略与内容。文献回顾既包括理论研究也包括实证研究,这些研究要么聚焦于中央政府或地方政府,要么聚焦于各政策领域。本研究表明,在面对削减问题时,政府需要在全面策略和定向策略之间作出根本性选择。削减不是一次性的个别行动,而是在一系列削减周期中经常需要实施的行动。财政压力持续的时间越长、越严峻,政府就越有可能开始强行采取定向削减策略而不是实行全面削减策略。纵观以往的削减管理模式,会为削减管理手段的系统化以及研究当下的危机提供有益的洞见。
The main purpose of this article is to take an inventory of public sector reduction management literature in the 1970s and 1980s, with a particular focus on strategies and content for cuts. Literature review includes both theoretical and empirical research, either focusing on the central government or local government or focusing on various policy areas. This study shows that in the face of the reduction problem, the government needs to make a fundamental choice between a comprehensive strategy and an oriented strategy. Cuts are not individual one-off actions, but actions that are often needed in a series of reduction cycles. The more time and pressure the fiscal pressure will last, the more likely it is that governments will begin to force a targeted reduction rather than a full reduction. Looking at past patterns of curtailment management will provide useful insight into the systematization of cuts in management tools and the study of the present crisis.