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目的观察系统化护理对老年长期卧床患者压疮发生率的影响。方法 80例长期卧床老年患者随机分为对照组和观察组,每组各40例。对照组采用常规护理,观察组采用系统化护理,比较两组主要受压部位表皮温度及体表压力变化,观察压疮发生情况。结果观察组压疮发生率(2.5%)显著低于对照组(20%),观察组肩胛骨皮温(33.11±2.06)℃,骶尾部皮温(32.31±2.18)℃;肩胛骨体表压力(6.02±1.10)k Pa,骶尾部体表压力(12.41±1.68)k Pa。对照组肩胛骨皮温(34.59±1.29)℃,骶尾部皮温(33.39±1.48)℃。肩胛骨体表压力(6.37±1.36)k Pa,骶尾部体表压力(12.66±1.63)k Pa。观察组受压部位皮温、体表压力显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论系统化护理可显著降低长期卧床老年患者压疮发生率,利于体表温度及体表压力恢复正常。
Objective To observe the effect of systematic nursing on the incidence of pressure ulcer in elderly patients with long-term bed rest. Methods 80 elderly patients with long-term bedridden were randomly divided into control group and observation group, 40 cases in each group. The control group was treated with routine nursing. The observation group was treated with systematic nursing. The changes of skin temperature and body surface pressure were compared between the two groups. The occurrence of pressure ulcer was observed. Results The incidence of pressure ulcers in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (2.5%). The scapular skin temperature (33.11 ± 2.06) ℃, the sacrococcygeal skin temperature (32.31 ± 2.18) ℃ and the scapular surface pressure (6.02 ± 1.10) kPa, sacrococcygeal body surface pressure (12.41 ± 1.68) kPa. The control group scapula skin temperature (34.59 ± 1.29) ℃, sacrococcygeal skin temperature (33.39 ± 1.48) ℃. Scapula body surface pressure (6.37 ± 1.36) kPa, sacrococcygeal body surface pressure (12.66 ± 1.63) kPa. The skin temperature and body surface pressure in the compression part of the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion Systematic nursing can significantly reduce the prevalence of pressure ulcers in elderly patients in long-term bed restures, which is conducive to normal body surface temperature and body surface pressure.