数学课应当从小学就重视对学生逻辑推理能力的培养。笔者认为,这是开拓学生智力的一个极其重要的步骤。而要达到这一目的,就必须在教学中有计划地、经常性地渗透和教给学生一些逻辑推理的方法。目前,类比法、归纳法、对比法和演绎法在教学中还没有被十分重视。本文想就简单的分数、百分数应用题的教学如何运用这几种推理方法浅谈一些设想。 The mathematics lesson should pay attention to the students' logical reasoning ability training from the elementary school. In my opinion, this is an extremely important step in developing students' intelligence. To achieve this goal, we must, in teaching, plan and often infiltrate and teach students some logical reasoning methods. At present, analogy, induction, contrast and deduction have not been paid much attention in teaching. This article would like to talk about some ideas on how to apply these types of reasoning methods in simple fractions and percentages of applied questions.