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对飞行员在飞行中通过视觉搜索监视各种仪表信息的过程进行研究,探索时间压力和搜索难度两个因素对视觉搜索绩效的影响,从而为飞机座舱显示界面的工效学设计提供科学依据.设计视觉搜索程序来模拟飞机显示界面,并通过预实验确定时间压力水平和搜索难度水平的典型分级范围,在此基础上进行正式实验并记录反应正确率和反应时间.采用SPSS 19.0对实验结果进行双因素分析、简单效应、回归分析等,得到如下结论:不同水平的时间压力和搜索难度对反应正确率的影响具有显著性差异;不同水平的搜索难度对反应时间的影响具有显著性差异,并且在一定条件下反应时间和干扰项数目成线性递增关系;在保证较高正确率的状态下,即在人的认知能力范围之内,不同的时间压力水平对反应时间的影响没有显著性差异.因此,在飞机座舱显示界面视觉搜索的工效学设计中,要将时间压力和搜索难度进行最佳匹配才能取得较好的工作绩效.
This paper studies the pilots’ process of monitoring all kinds of instrument information through visual search in flight, and explores the influence of time pressure and search difficulty on visual search performance so as to provide a scientific basis for ergonomics design of aircraft cockpit display interface. Search program to simulate the aircraft display interface and through pre-experiment to determine the time pressure level and the level of search difficulty typical grading range, on the basis of the formal experiment and record the reaction rate and reaction time.The experimental results using SPSS 19.0 two-factor Analysis, simple effect, regression analysis and so on, the following conclusions are drawn: the different levels of time pressure and search difficulty have significant differences on the accuracy of response; different levels of search difficulty have significant differences on reaction time, The reaction time and the number of interference items increased linearly in a linear manner. Under the condition of ensuring a high correct rate, that is, within the scope of human cognition, there was no significant difference in response time between different time and stress levels. , Ergonomic design of visual search in the cockpit display interface , To time pressure and difficult search for best match to achieve better job performance.