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目的探讨大鼠自体静脉移植模型建立常见并发症的预防和处理措施。方法采用两点定位法,将65只大鼠的右侧颈外静脉分支与同侧颈总动脉断端行间断全层外翻端端吻合。通过吻合后血管充盈和搏动情况及远端勒血实验来确定吻合口通畅。从术中操作和术后护理的角度,分析常见并发症的发生原因及相应的防治措施。结果 65只大鼠自体颈静脉移植,52只实验成功,成功率80.0%(52/65),其中术中死亡率7.7%(5/65),术后死亡率12.3%(8/65)。导致大鼠术中死亡的主要原因有麻醉意外、呼吸道分泌物阻塞窒息、触碰迷走神经突发心搏骤停、失血性休克;术后死亡的主要原因有吻合口漏血、血管空气栓塞、吻合口血栓形成或闭塞、感染。结论实验过程中熟悉各种并发症发生的原因和防治措施,提高手术技巧,可减少并发症的发生,提高手术成功率,达到预期的模型建立效果。
Objective To investigate the prevention and treatment of common complications in autologous vein graft in rats. Methods Using the two-point localization method, the right external jugular vein branches of 65 rats were anastomosed with the interrupted full-thickness eversion end of the common carotid artery. Anastomosis patency was determined by anastomosis of vessel filling and pulsation and distal leaching experiments. From the perspective of intraoperative operation and postoperative care, the causes of common complications and the corresponding prevention and treatment measures were analyzed. Results Totally 52 rats were successfully transplanted into the jugular vein in 65 rats. The success rate was 80.0% (52/65). The intraoperative mortality rate was 7.7% (5/65) and the postoperative mortality rate was 12.3% (8/65). The main causes of intraoperative death in rats with anesthesia accidents, respiratory secretions blocked asphyxia, touch vagal sudden cardiac arrest, hemorrhagic shock; the main causes of postoperative death were anastomotic leakage, vascular air embolism, anastomosis Mouth thrombosis or occlusion, infection. Conclusions During the experiment, familiar with the causes of various complications and prevention and treatment measures to improve the surgical skills, can reduce the incidence of complications, improve the success rate of surgery to achieve the desired model to establish results.