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目的:观察药物类过敏反应的发生对大鼠脾切手术后记忆能力的影响。方法:选择健康雄性SD老年大鼠48只，22个月龄，体重(350±50) g，随机分为4组：麻醉＋未手术组(A组)、麻醉＋手术组(B组)、麻醉＋类过敏组(C组)、麻醉＋手术＋类过敏组(D组)。对每组大鼠编号，进行莫里斯(Morris)水迷宫实验性训练，将A、B、C、D各组中12只大鼠进行逃避潜伏期训练，当训练潜伏期在20 s左右时各选出6只大鼠编组为A1、B1、C1、D1，各组其余6只大鼠继续训练至逃避潜伏期在10 s左右并编组为A2、B2、C2、D2。之后进行全身麻醉(芬太尼20 μg/kg＋氟哌利多500 μg/kg)，进行第1次采血(颌下静脉采血)检测趋化因子11(CCL11)、组胺和补体激活片段末端补体复合物(SC5b-9)，按照实验分组要求建立手术模型(脾脏切除术)和(或)类过敏模型[大鼠尾静脉注射5%聚氧乙烯蓖麻油(CrEL)]，最后对处于麻醉状态的大鼠进行第2次颌下静脉采血检测CCL11、组胺和补体SC5b-9，酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测表达水平，干预处理后第1、3、5天进行水迷宫实验，观察逃避潜伏期的时间变化。两两比较应用n t检验，多组比较应用单因素方差分析。n 结果:4组大鼠对应亚组训练水平逃避潜伏期，差异无统计学意义(n F＝0.040、0.397，n P>0.05)；与对照组A1逃避潜伏期比较，B1干预后1、3、5 d逃避潜伏期[(22.8±3.1) s比(18.1±2.9)、(20.4±2.7) s比(16.7±2.1)、(16.7±2.8) s比(13.2±2.2) s]差异有统计学意义(n t＝2.712，n P0.05、n t＝0.242，n P>0.05、n t＝0.930，n P>0.05)，C组[(328.77±42.95) ng/L比(125.76±19.18) ng/L、(2.53±0.29) mg/L比(1.88±0.17) mg/L、(39.88±5.64) μg/L比(28.55±3.74) μg/L]差异有统计学意义(n t＝14.951，n P0.05). There was significant difference in escape latency between the control group A1 and group B1 (22.8±3.1 vs. 18.1±2.9, 20.4±2.7 vs. 16.7±2.1, 16.7±2.8 vs. 13.2±2.2) at 1st, 3rd and 5th day after intervention (n t=2.712, n P0.05;n F=0.826, n P>0.05). At the second submandibular venous blood sampling, there was no significant difference between group B and group A [(135.87±19.74) vs. (125.76±19.18) ng/L; (1.90±0.23) vs. (1.88±0.17) mg/L; (30.07±4.25) vs. (28.55±3.74) μg/L,n t=1.272, n P>0.05;n t=0.242, n P>0.05;n t=0.930, n P>0.05]; there was significant difference between group C and group A [(328.77±42.95) vs. (125.76±19.18) ng/L; (2.53±0.29) vs. (1.88±0.17) mg/L; (39.88±5.64) vs. (28.55±3.74) μg/L] (n t=14.951, n P<0.01;n t=6.595, n P<0.01;n t=5.799, n P<0.01), and between group D and group A [(471.49±44.58) vs. (125.76±19.18) ng/L; (3.38±0.34) vs. (1.88±0.17) mg/L; (48.12±5.13) vs. (28.55±3.74) μg/L] (n t=24.678, n P<0.01;n t=13.670, n P<0.01;n t=10.678, n P<0.01); CThere was significant difference between group C and group D (n t=7.987, n P<0.01;n t=6.589, n P<0.01;n t=3.733, n P<0.01).n Conclusion:The occurrence of pseudo-allergic drug during operation has great influence on the short-term memory and stable memory of rats, which may be related to CCL11.