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人类目前利用能源的效率还很低,大量的能源以废热的形式被浪费掉了,因此对废热的处理和利用是关系到国民经济和环境保护的重大问题.通过人工微纳结构材料实现热能的转换及控制是近年来兴起的一个交叉领域,它涵盖了物理学、化学、材料科学、工程等诸多学科.本文综述了该领域的最新发展情况:包括微纳米结构对热电材料的热电优值的提升,声子晶体中热导率的急剧减小,热二极管等声子热能器件对热能的调控、以及热学隐身衣等热超构材料的理论设想和实验实现.最后,总结了中国在这个领域的研究现状,并展望了未来的发展方向和趋势.
At present, the efficiency of mankind’s utilization of energy is still very low, a large amount of energy is wasted in the form of waste heat, so the treatment and utilization of waste heat is a major issue concerning the national economy and environmental protection. Conversion and control is a cross-cutting field that has arisen in recent years and covers many disciplines such as physics, chemistry, materials science, engineering, etc. This article reviews the latest developments in this area: the thermoelectric figure of merit Enhance the phonon crystal in the thermal conductivity of the sharp decline in thermal diodes and other phonon thermal devices on the regulation of heat energy and thermal stealth clothing thermal superconducting material theoretical design and experimental realization.Finally, summed up the Chinese in this area Research status quo and prospects of the future direction of development and trends.