梦魇意识西方现代派文学常把梦幻作为一种艺术手段,从现象上看,是日常生活潜意识的沉淀泛起;从本质上看,主要是寓意式的、象征性的。车尔尼雪夫斯基《怎么办》中的薇拉的四个梦和以梦幻形式出现的《神曲》便是明证。梦,对于现代派作家具有特别意义,很大程度上要归因于弗洛伊德的精神分析学。弗洛伊德认为:梦是“通向潜意识的大道”,是人体的本能、心理、情绪的真实表露和宣泄。西方现代派作家强烈的主观臆向,以及在现实社会中从自我心灵上时时袭来的压抑感,使他们觉得客观实在不足以表明其最高意义的“真 Nightmare Consciousness The western modernist literature often regards fantasy as an artistic method. From the point of view of phenomena, it is the subconscious precipitation of daily life. It is essentially moral and symbolic in essence. The four dreams of Vera in Chernyshevsky’s “What to Do” and the “Divine Comedy” appearing in a fantastic form are proof. Dreams, of special significance to modernist writers, are largely due to Freud’s psychoanalysis. Freud believes that dream is “the road to subconsciousness” and is the true expression and catharsis of human instinct, psychology and emotion. The strong subjective attitudes of Western modernist writers and the sense of repression they feel from time to time in the real world make them think that the objective reality is not enough to show their true meaning