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Objective: To explore the effect of gamma irradiation on nuclear factor-kappa B in cultured bone marrow stromal cells. Methods: Immunocytochemistry, West blot and electrophoretic mobility shift assay(EMSA) were used. Results: The expression of NF-κB in cultured mouse bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) on the level of protein was elevated after exposure to 60Co in the dosage of 8. 0 Gy with the use of immunocytochemistry and West blot. The activity of nuclear factor-kappa B in cultured BMSCs was significantly increased after exposure to gamma irradiation by using EMSA. The activity peak was at the 4th h after irradiation. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B in the BMSCs after irradiation may be involved in the protection of BMSCs against apoptosis and in the recovery of hematopoiesis after radiation.