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本文以社会语言学双语理论为指导,运用录音和问卷调查的方法,考察了长沙市三个不同等级农贸市场商贩的语言使用情况。调查结果显示普通话和方言是农贸市场商贩日常使用的主要语言。从整体上看,长沙市区的农贸市场等级越高普通话的使用率越高。除此之外,销售人员的年龄、性别、教育背景、交谈对象也是影响商贩语言选择的重要因素。而在语言态度问题上商贩们认为普通话更有社会声望,本土方言更加具有亲和力和实用价值。
Guided by the bilingual theory of social linguistics, this paper investigates the language usage of traders in three different levels of farmers’ markets in Changsha by means of recording and questionnaire survey. The survey results show that Putonghua and dialect are the main language used daily by farmers’ market vendors. As a whole, the higher the market level of farmers’ market in Changsha is, the higher the usage rate of Putonghua is. In addition, sales staff age, gender, educational background, the object of conversation is also an important factor affecting the language choice of traders. On the issue of language attitude, traders think Putonghua is more socially prestigious, and local dialects have more affinity and practical value.