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在5·12灾后恢复重建过程中,地震受害者损害赔偿问题不能忽视。美国9·11受害者补偿基金制度是一项介于行政程序与司法程序之间的准司法制度,虽然存在一些法理上的争议,但它有效地解决了受害者的诉求,挽救了濒临破产的美国航空业和保险业,化解了美国政府的政治危机。中国5·12汶川地震受害者通过应急救助体系获得了一定程度的社会救助、抚恤和抚慰,但仍然存在较多的个性化诉求。中国可以在一定程度上借鉴美国9·11补偿基金模式,建立5·12汶川地震受害者补偿基金,为受害者设计一个兜底性质的补偿方案。5·12补偿基金及其分配方案,由行政部门会商审判机关制定,并由审判机关组建的特别法庭进行个案终局裁决和执行。这一机制的建立,将为受害人遭受的经济与非经济损害提供及时、便捷的补偿,弥补保险业功能不足,挽救面临大规模诉讼风险的建筑、教育和医疗等特定行业,缓解社会矛盾,维持社会秩序稳定,并维护中国的法治形象。
During the reconstruction after the May 12 disaster, the damage compensation for earthquake victims can not be ignored. The U.S. 9.11 victim compensation fund system is a quasi-judicial system between administrative procedure and judicial procedure. Although there are some legal disputes, it effectively solves the appeals of victims and saves the verge of bankruptcy The U.S. aviation industry and the insurance industry have defused the political crisis in the U.S. government. Victims of the May 12 Wenchuan earthquake in China obtained a certain degree of social assistance, compassionate and soothing through the emergency relief system, but there are still more individualized demands. To a certain extent, China can learn from the 9.11 compensation fund model in the United States and set up a compensation fund for victims of the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake so as to design a comprehensive compensation plan for the victims. 5.12 The compensation fund and its distribution plan shall be formulated by the administrative authority in consultation with the judicial authority and shall be finally decided and enforced on a case-by-case basis by a special court established by the judicial authority. The establishment of this mechanism will provide timely and convenient compensation for the economic and non-economic damage suffered by the victims, make up the insufficiency of the insurance industry, save the construction, education and medical industries facing the risk of large-scale litigation and ease social conflicts, Maintain the stability of social order and safeguard the image of China’s rule of law.