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目前免疫抑制剂广泛应用于治疗血液、肿瘤、肾脏性疾病,常用的有肾上腺皮质激素、烷化剂、抗代谢药、生物碱制品及抗生素类(如阿霉素、环胞霉素A等)。这些药物对性腺的影响,不少学者进行较深入的研究。有些药物如烷化剂,有时用药剂量尚未引起其它副作用时,就可能出现性腺损害。1 环磷酰胺(CP)1.1 对男性性腺的影响 精子的形成分三个阶段.第一阶段(精原细胞分裂增殖阶段):精原干细胞(As)分裂成新的As和成对的精原细胞(Apr),再分裂成成行的精原细胞(Aal),后者分化成A_1-A_2-A_3-A_4期-In(中间期)-B期精原细胞。第二阶段(精母细胞减数分裂阶段):从细线前期精母细胞(pl)到粗线精母细胞。第三阶段:精子细胞形成精子。精原干细胞是不断分裂的,仅在损伤精原干细胞时,才引起永久的精细胞生成障碍。
Currently immunosuppressive agents are widely used in the treatment of blood, tumor, kidney disease, commonly used with adrenal cortex hormones, alkylating agents, antimetabolites, alkaloid products and antibiotics (such as doxorubicin, cyclosporine A) . The impact of these drugs on the gonads, many scholars conduct more in-depth study. Some drugs, such as alkylating agents, can sometimes cause gonadal damage when administered at doses that have not caused other side effects. 1 cyclophosphamide (CP) 1.1 on the male gonadal formation of sperm formation in three stages.First stage (spermatogonia stage of cell division and proliferation): spermatogonial stem cells (As) split into new As and paired spermatogonia (Apr) and then split into spermatogonia (Aal), which differentiate into A_1-A_2-A_3-A_4-In (middle stage) -B stage spermatogonia. The second stage (spermatocyte meiosis stage): from the early spermatocytes (pl) to thick spermatocytes. The third stage: sperm cells form sperm. Spermatogonial stem cells are constantly dividing and cause permanent spermatoid dysfunction only when spermatogonial stem cells are damaged.