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少数侵犯口腔粘膜的白斑病变如粘膜白斑病、慢性增生性念珠菌病和扁平苔癣可发展为鳞状细胞癌,所以它们被认为是潜在的癌前期病变。早期活检是必要的。上皮角化不良或细胞非典型增生、上皮的化脓与机化被认为是恶变的先兆。关于口腔粘膜白斑病与恶变率的关系有两个因素值得重视,即颜色变化及其发生在口腔中的部位。伴有红色柔软外观的粘膜白斑以及与慢性念珠菌感染有关的红白结合的花斑状粘膜白斑具有高的恶变率。发生在口底以及舌腹侧面的损害也有很高危险性。目前对口腔扁平苔癣的癌前性尚有争议。
A small number of white spot lesions that invade the oral mucosa such as leukoplakia, chronic proliferative candidiasis, and lichen planus may develop squamous cell carcinoma, so they are considered as potential precancerous lesions. Early biopsy is necessary. Poor epithelial dyskeratosis or atypical hyperplasia, epithelial suppuration, and mechanization are thought to be precursors of malignant transformation. The relationship between oral leukoplakia and the rate of malignancy is worth paying attention to, that is, the color change and its occurrence in the oral cavity. Hyperplasia with mucous membranes with a red-soft appearance and erythrocyte-associated red-white associated with chronic Candida infections have a high malignant rate. The damage that occurs at the bottom of the mouth and on the ventral side of the tongue is also very dangerous. The precancerous nature of oral lichen planus is still controversial.