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黄河是世界大江大河中受人类活动强烈影响的一条河流。由于人类活动,使黄河水沙条件和河流边界条件发生了很大变化。下游年水量减少,水量年内分配发生变化;洪峰流量大幅度削减,洪水总量减少,水沙关系失调;来沙减步不多,但年内沙量分配改变,使高含沙洪水出现机遇增加等。本文还具体分析了三门峡、刘家峡水库的修建、引黄灌溉、中游水土保持及支流治理、下游河道整治工程的修建及边界条件的改变等对黄河下游河道的影响。
The Yellow River is a river that is strongly influenced by human activities in the major rivers of the world. Due to human activities, great changes have taken place in the Yellow River’s water and sediment conditions and river boundary conditions. The amount of water in the downstream decreases and the distribution of water changes during the year; the discharge of flood peak drastically decreases, the total amount of floods decreases and the relationship between water and sediment is not coordinated; the inflow to and from sand is not much reduced, but the distribution of sediment changes during the year, . The paper also analyzes the influence of the Sanmenxia and Liujiaxia reservoirs, the Yellow River irrigation, the soil and water conservation and tributaries in the middle reaches, the construction of the downstream river regulation project and the change of the boundary conditions on the lower Yellow River.