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海洋占地球表面积的71％左右,海洋的热容量比大气大1200多倍,因此它对太阳辐射的热量起着“贮存器”与“调节器”的作用,是影响长期天气过程的重要角色。气象工作者数十年之前已经开始注意海水表面温度的变化与大气环流及长期天气变化之间的相互关系,进行过不少研究。70年代以来,在一些国家,其中包括我国,应用海温做长期预报取得了一定成绩。然而人们至今对长期天气过程中海气相互作用的机制却了解甚少,甚至对同一个月份海洋与大气环流异常到底有什么关系也不十分清楚。因此,在海气相互作用的研究中,经常遇到两种似乎截然相反的观点,有的作者强调海洋对大气的作用,而有的作者则又强调大气对海洋的作用,甚至同一作者有时主张前一观点,有时又强调后一观点。例如,J.皮耶克尼斯在研究赤道海温与大气环流关系时,强调了赤道海温对大
The ocean accounts for about 71% of the surface area of the Earth. The ocean has a heat capacity 1200 times larger than that of the atmosphere. Therefore, it plays a role of “reservoir” and “regulator” for the heat of solar radiation and plays an important role in the long-term weather process. For decades, meteorologists have begun to pay attention to the relationship between changes in sea surface temperature and atmospheric circulation and long-term weather changes. Many studies have been conducted. Since the 1970s, some countries, including China, have made some achievements in using SST to make long-term forecasts. However, little is known about the mechanism of the interaction of the sea-air in the long-term weather so far. It is not even clear what the relationship between the ocean and the atmospheric circulation anomaly is in the same month. Therefore, in the study of the interaction of the sea-air, two seemingly opposite views are often encountered. Some authors emphasize the role of the ocean in the atmosphere, while others emphasize the role of the atmosphere in the ocean. Even the same author sometimes claims The previous one, sometimes emphasized the latter one. For example, J. Piechneiss studied the relationship between the equatorial sea surface temperature and the atmospheric circulation, emphasizing the equatorial sea temperature on the large