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人工角膜的研究虽然经历了二个世纪艰难曲折的历程，但由于手术复杂、难度大，术后并发症相对较多，到目前仍仅有少数医生开展这项手术。随着研究的深入，人们逐渐认识到某些严重干眼症及角膜缘干细胞破坏的角膜混浊，同种异体角膜移植通常会失败，而人工角膜植入术却是复明的有效途径。人工角膜研究包括对材料、设计、手术及术后处理的研究，其关键是材料研究。６０年代以来，伴随着高分子材料学的发展，人工角膜的研究有了突破性进展。近十年，有孔材料作为支架以提高材料和组织的生物相容性成为这一领域的研究热点。本文对常用和新型人工角膜材料的理化及生物学特性、临床应用情况以及存在的问题作一综述。
Although the study of artificial cornea has experienced two difficult twists and turns during the course of two centuries, due to complicated operation, difficulty and relatively large postoperative complications, so far only a few doctors carry out the operation. With the deepening of the research, people gradually come to realize that corneal opacity is destroyed in some severe dry eye and limbal stem cells. Allograft corneal transplantation usually fails. However, artificial corneal implantation is an effective way to recapture the cornea. Artificial corneal research, including materials, design, surgery and post-operative research, the key is material research. Since the 1960s, along with the development of polymer materials science, there has been a breakthrough in the research of artificial cornea. In recent ten years, porous materials as scaffolds to improve the biocompatibility of materials and tissues become the hotspot in this field. This article summarizes the physicochemical and biological characteristics of common and new artificial corneal materials, clinical application and existing problems.