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目的了解新余市流行的H3N2亚型流感病毒的HA1基因变异特征与规律、进化趋势和当前疫苗对其的预防效果。方法选取新余市2013年-2014年通过狗肾传代细胞(MDCK)培养分离到的甲型H3N2流感毒株12株,提取病毒RNA,反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)扩增HA1基因片段,用DNAStar 5.0、Mega 6.0生物软件对序列进行处理和特性分析。结果 2013年-2014年新余市甲型H3N2出现活跃,共分离出132株。分析12株毒株的HA1基因,与疫苗株A/Perth/16/2009(H3N2)的核苷酸同源性为97.2%~97.5%,氨基酸替换数为14个~17个,涉及B区、E区2个抗原决定簇。与疫苗株A/Victoria/361/2011(H3N2)比较,核苷酸同源性为98.5%~98.9%,氨基酸替换数为9个~12个,除A/Jiangxi Yushui/137/2014和A/Jiangxi Yushui/1142/2014外,均发生了144位A区和158位B区抗原决定簇区的变异。毒株间同源性为99%~100%。结论 2013年-2014年新余市流行的甲型H3N2流感病毒的抗原性和基因特性发生了改变,近期的2株疫苗株对其的保护效果均较差,有必要更换疫苗株。
Objective To investigate the variation and regularity of HA1 gene and its evolution trend and the preventive effect of the current vaccine against H3N2 influenza virus of Xinyu city. Methods Twelve strains of influenza A (H3N2) influenza virus isolated from MDDK in Xinyu City from 2013 to 2014 were selected for viral RNA extraction and HA1 was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) Gene fragments were sequenced and characterized using DNAStar 5.0, Mega 6.0 software. Results During 2013-2014, H3N2 was active in Xinyu City, and 132 strains were isolated. The HA1 gene of 12 strains was analyzed. The nucleotide homology with the vaccine strain A / Perth / 16/2009 (H3N2) was 97.2% -97.5% and the number of amino acid substitution was 14-17. E region 2 antigenic determinants. Compared with the vaccine strain A / Victoria / 361/2011 (H3N2), the nucleotide homology was 98.5% ~ 98.9% and the number of amino acid substitutions was 9 ~ 12, except A / Jiangxi Yushui / 137/2014 and A / Jiangxi Yushui / 1142/2014, there have been 144 A and 158 B zone antigenic determinant region of variation. The homology between strains is 99% ~ 100%. Conclusions The antigenicity and genetic characteristics of influenza A (H3N2) influenza virus circulating in Xinyu City during 2013-2014 have changed. The recent vaccine strains of 2 strains have poor protective effect, so it is necessary to replace vaccine strains.