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目的探讨2011-2015年贵阳市5岁以下儿童的死亡原因及死亡变化趋势。方法对2011-2015年贵阳市的死亡监测资料进行回顾性分析。结果 5岁以下儿童死亡率平均为7.09‰,死亡有逐年下降的趋势,2012与2011年比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);婴儿死亡率平均为5.18‰,2012与2011年比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),2015与2011年比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。新生儿死亡率平均为2.99‰,新生儿死亡各年比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。5岁以下儿童死亡的前5位死因分别为早产和低出生体质量、肺炎、出生窒息、意外窒息、先天性心脏病。结论为了降低5岁以下儿童的死亡,应多方面进行健康教育,提高卫生保健意识;孕前的优生优育宣传、孕产期保健意识,提高新生儿窒息复苏水平,加强儿科建设,促进产科、儿科的协作,加强出生缺陷的预防。
Objective To explore the causes of death and the trend of death in children under 5 years of age in Guiyang during 2011-2015. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on death monitoring data in Guiyang from 2011 to 2015. Results The average mortality rate of children under 5 years of age was 7.09 ‰, with a declining trend year by year. There was a significant difference between 2012 and 2011 (P <0.05). The average infant mortality rate was 5.18 ‰. There was a significant difference between 2012 and 2011 Statistical significance (P <0.05), 2015 and 2011, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The average neonatal mortality rate was 2.99 ‰. There was no significant difference in neonatal deaths between years (P> 0.05). The top 5 causes of death among children under 5 are preterm birth and low birth weight, pneumonia, birth asphyxia, accidental asphyxia and congenital heart disease. Conclusion In order to reduce the death of children under 5 years of age, health education should be conducted in many aspects to raise awareness of health care. Prenatal education on prenatal and postnatal care, awareness of maternal health care, improvement of neonatal asphyxia and recovery, enhancement of pediatric construction and promotion of obstetrics and gynecology Collaboration to strengthen the prevention of birth defects.